mRNA, or messenger RNA, has recently become a powerful tool in the field of immunology due to its ability to activate or suppress immune responses. In this article, we will explore how mRNA can achieve these effects and its potential applications in the development of new immunotherapies.

mRNA is a single-stranded RNA molecule that carries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes, the cellular machinery responsible for protein synthesis. In the process of transcription, DNA is first converted into pre-mRNA, which is then spliced and modified to produce mature mRNA. The mature mRNA molecules are then transported out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm, where they serve as templates for protein synthesis. Protein synthesis involves a process called translation, whereby the sequence of nucleotides on the mRNA molecule is read by ribosomes and translated into the amino acid sequence of a protein. This process relies on the ability of tRNA molecules to recognize specific codons on the mRNA and deliver the corresponding amino acid to the growing protein chain.
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